System configuration in solaris

Running of "/usr/sbin/prtconf" will give the System configuration...

To filter Details you can use grep
ex:
/usr/sbin/prtconf | grep Memory

ResultSet Behaviour in Java

A ResultSet cursor is initially positioned before the first row;
the first call to the method next makes the first row the current row;
the second call makes the second row the current row, and so on.
If an input stream is open for the current row, a call to the method next will implicitly close it.
A ResultSet object's warning chain is cleared when a new row is read.
Returns: true if the new current row is valid; false if there are no more rows
Throws: SQLException if a database access error occurs

smple prgram to read from console in java

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;

public class ReadDoubleFromConsole {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
   System.out.println("Enter a number.");
   double numberFromConsole;
   try {
     InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
     BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
     String s = br.readLine();
     DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat();
     Number n = df.parse(s);
     numberFromConsole = n.doubleValue();
   } catch (IOException e) {
     numberFromConsole = 0;
   } catch (ParseException e) {
     numberFromConsole = 0;
   }
   System.out.println(numberFromConsole );
 }
}

From banks of Godavari to Google on wheel chair

Naga Naresh Karutura has just passed out of IIT Madras in Computer Science and has joined Google in Bangalore.
You may ask, what's so special about this 21-year-old when there are hundreds of students passing out from various IITs and joining big companies like Google?
Naresh is special. His parents are illiterate. He has no legs and moves around in his powered wheel chair. (In fact, when I could not locate his lab, he told me over the mobile phone, 'I will come and pick you up'. And in no time, he was there to guide me)
Ever smiling, optimistic and full of spirit; that is Naresh. He says, "God has always been planning things for me. That is why I feel I am lucky."
Read why Naresh feels he is lucky.

Childhood in a village
I spent the first seven years of my life in Teeparru, a small village in Andhra Pradesh, on the banks of the river Godavari. My father Prasad was a lorry driver and my mother Kumari, a house wife. Though they were illiterate, my parents instilled in me and my elder sister (Sirisha) the importance of studying.
Looking back, one thing that surprises me now is the way my father taught me when I was in the 1st and 2nd standards. My father would ask me questions from the text book, and I would answer them. At that time, I didn't know he could not read or write but to make me happy, he helped me in my studies!
Another memory that doesn't go away is the floods in the village and how I was carried on top of a buffalo by my uncle. I also remember plucking fruits from a tree that was full of thorns.
I used to be very naughty, running around and playing all the time with my friends. I used to get a lot of scolding for disturbing the elders who slept in the afternoon. The moment they started scolding, I would run away to the fields!
I also remember finishing my school work fast in class and sleeping on the teacher's lap!

Life without legs
I don't think my life changed dramatically after I lost both my legs. Because all at home were doting on me, I was enjoying all the attention rather than pitying myself. I was happy that I got a lot of fruits and biscuits.










The day I reached my village, my house was flooded with curious people; all of them wanted to know how a boy without legs looked. But I was not bothered; I was happy to see so many of them coming to see me, especially my friends!
All my friends saw to it that I was part of all the games they played; they carried me everywhere.
God's hand
I believe in God. I believe in destiny. I feel he plans everything for you. If not for the accident, we would not have moved from the village to Tanuku, a town. There I joined a missionary school, and my father built a house next to the school. Till the tenth standard, I studied in that school.
If I had continued in Teeparu, I may not have studied after the 10th. I may have started working as a farmer or someone like that after my studies. I am sure God had other plans for me.
My sister, my friend
When the school was about to reopen, my parents moved from Teeparu to Tanuku, a town, and admitted both of us in a Missionary school. They decided to put my sister also in the same class though she is two years older. They thought she could take care of me if both of us were in the same class. My sister never complained.
She would be there for everything. Many of my friends used to tell me, you are so lucky to have such a loving sister. There are many who do not care for their siblings.
She carried me in the school for a few years and after a while, my friends took over the task. When I got the tricycle, my sister used to push me around in the school.
My life, I would say, was normal, as everyone treated me like a normal kid. I never wallowed in self-pity. I was a happy boy and competed with others to be on top and the others also looked at me as a competitor.
Inspiration
I was inspired by two people when in school; my Maths teacher Pramod Lal who encouraged me to participate in various local talent tests, and a brilliant boy called Chowdhary, who was my senior.
When I came to know that he had joined Gowtham Junior College to prepare for IIT-JEE, it became my dream too. I was school first in 10th scoring 542/600.
Because I topped in the state exams, Gowtham Junior College waived the fee for me. Pramod Sir's recommendation also helped. The fee was around Rs 50,000 per year, which my parents could never afford.
Moving to a residential school
Living in a residential school was a big change for me because till then my life centred around home and school and I had my parents and sister to take care of all my needs. It was the first time that I was interacting with society. It took one year for me to adjust to the new life.
There, my inspiration was a boy called K K S Bhaskar who was in the top 10 in IIT-JEE exams. He used to come to our school to encourage us. Though my parents didn't know anything about Gowtham Junior School or IIT, they always saw to it that I was encouraged in whatever I wanted to do. If the results were good, they would praise me to the skies and if bad, they would try to see something good in that. They did not want me to feel bad.
They are such wonderful supportive parents.
Life at IIT- Madras
Though my overall rank in the IIT-JEE was not that great (992), I was 4th in the physically handicapped category. So, I joined IIT, Madras to study Computer Science.
Here, my role model was Karthik who was also my senior in school. I looked up to him during my years at IIT- Madras.
He had asked for attached bathrooms for those with special needs before I came here itself. So, when I came here, the room had attached bath. He used to help me and guide me a lot when I was here.
I evolved as a person in these four years, both academically and personally. It has been a great experience studying here. The people I was interacting with were so brilliant that I felt privileged to sit along with them in the class. Just by speaking to my lab mates, I gained a lot.



Words are inadequate to express my gratitude to Prof Pandurangan and all my lab mates; all were simply great. I was sent to Boston along with four others for our internship by Prof Pandurangan. It was a great experience.
Joining Google R&D
I did not want to pursue PhD as I wanted my parents to take rest now.
Morgan Stanley selected me first but I preferred Google because I wanted to work in pure computer science, algorithms and game theory.
I am lucky
Do you know why I say I am lucky?
I get help from total strangers without me asking for it. Once after my second year at IIT, I with some of my friends was travelling in a train for a conference. We met a kind gentleman called Sundar in the train, and he has been taking care of my hostel fees from then on.
I have to mention about Jaipur foot. I had Jaipur foot when I was in 3rd standard. After two years, I stopped using them. As I had almost no stems on my legs, it was very tough to tie them to the body. I found walking with Jaipur foot very, very slow. Sitting also was a problem. I found my tricycle faster because I am one guy who wants to do things faster.
One great thing about the hospital is, they don't think their role ends by just fixing the Jaipur foot; they arrange for livelihood for all. They asked me what help I needed from them. I told them at that time, if I got into an IIT, I needed financial help from them. So, from the day I joined IIT, Madras, my fees were taken care of by them. So, my education at the IIT was never a burden on my parents and they could take care of my sister's Nursing studies.
Surprise awaited me at IIT
After my first year, when I went home, two things happened here at the Institute without my knowledge.
I got a letter from my department that they had arranged a lift and ramps at the department for me. It also said that if I came a bit early and checked whether it met with my requirements, it would be good.
Second surprise was, the Dean, Prof Idichandy and the Students General Secretary, Prasad had located a place that sold powered wheel chairs. The cost was Rs 55,000. What they did was, they did not buy the wheel chair; they gave me the money so that the wheel chair belonged to me and not the institute.
My life changed after that. I felt free and independent.
That's why I say I am lucky. God has planned things for me and takes care of me at every step.
The world is full of good people
I also feel if you are motivated and show some initiative, people around you will always help you. I also feel there are more good people in society than bad ones. I want all those who read this to feel that if Naresh can achieve something in life, you can too.

sample program to opoen open office spread sheet from Java

//package SpreadSheetAPI;

import com.sun.star.beans.PropertyValue;
import com.sun.star.container.XIndexAccess;
import com.sun.star.container.XNamed;
import com.sun.star.frame.XComponentLoader;
import com.sun.star.lang.XComponent;
import com.sun.star.lang.XMultiComponentFactory;
import com.sun.star.sheet.XCellRangeAddressable;
import com.sun.star.sheet.XSheetCellCursor;
import com.sun.star.sheet.XSpreadsheet;
import com.sun.star.sheet.XSpreadsheetDocument;
import com.sun.star.sheet.XUsedAreaCursor;
import com.sun.star.table.CellRangeAddress;
import com.sun.star.table.XCell;
import com.sun.star.text.XText;
import com.sun.star.uno.UnoRuntime;
import com.sun.star.uno.XComponentContext;
import spreadsheetUtilities.*;

/**
* A Sample for access xls/ods from OOo API
* Requirement:
* 1.Install OOo 2.0
* 2.Add jars to your project.(In OOoInstallPath\program\classes)
* at least those jars must be included : juh.jar,jurt.jar,ridl.jar,unoil.jar
*
**/
public class ReadSheetCellsSample {

private XComponentContext xRemoteContext = null;

private XMultiComponentFactory xRemoteServiceManager = null;

public ReadSheetCellsSample() {
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
ReadSheetCellsSample helloTextTableShape1 = new ReadSheetCellsSample();
try {
helloTextTableShape1.outSheets();
} catch (java.lang.Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println("...End");
System.exit(0);
}

}

protected void outSheets() throws java.lang.Exception {
// xls,service
XComponent xCalcComponent = loadComponent("D:\\Temp\\sample.ods");

XSpreadsheetDocument xSpreadsheetDocument = (XSpreadsheetDocument) UnoRuntime
.queryInterface(XSpreadsheetDocument.class, xCalcComponent);

com.sun.star.sheet.XSpreadsheets xSheets = xSpreadsheetDocument.getSheets();
// XIndexAccesssheet
XIndexAccess xIndexedSheets = (XIndexAccess) UnoRuntime.queryInterface( XIndexAccess.class, xSheets);

int sheetCount = xIndexedSheets.getCount();
System.out.println("Sheet Count:" + sheetCount);

for (int i = 0; i < sheetCount; i++) {
Object sheet = xIndexedSheets.getByIndex(i);
XSpreadsheet xSheet = (XSpreadsheet) UnoRuntime.queryInterface(
XSpreadsheet.class, sheet);
// XNamedSheet
XNamed xSheetName = (XNamed) UnoRuntime.queryInterface(
XNamed.class, sheet);
System.out.println("Sheet " + i + ":" + xSheetName.getName());

outSheet(xSheet);
}
//To wait in the application..
//wait(5000);
//CalctryCalcsoffice.bin?soffice.exe
//xCalcComponent.dispose();
}

protected void outSheet(XSpreadsheet xSheet) throws Exception {

//Cursor
XSheetCellCursor xCursor = xSheet.createCursor();

// XUsedAreaCursor,
XUsedAreaCursor xUsedCursor = (XUsedAreaCursor) UnoRuntime
.queryInterface(XUsedAreaCursor.class, xCursor);
xUsedCursor.gotoStartOfUsedArea(false);
xUsedCursor.gotoEndOfUsedArea(true);
XCellRangeAddressable xSheetRange = (XCellRangeAddressable) UnoRuntime
.queryInterface(XCellRangeAddressable.class, xCursor);
CellRangeAddress cellRangeAddress = xSheetRange.getRangeAddress();

System.out.println(cellRangeAddress.StartRow);
System.out.println(cellRangeAddress.StartColumn);
System.out.println(cellRangeAddress.EndRow);
System.out.println(cellRangeAddress.EndColumn);
int rowCount = cellRangeAddress.EndRow + 1;
int colCount = cellRangeAddress.EndColumn + 1;

System.out.println("row count:" + rowCount + ",column count" + colCount);

for (int row = 0; row < rowCount; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < colCount; col++) {
System.out.println("Column : "+ col + " Row : "+row);
XCell cell = xCursor.getCellByPosition(col, row);
String formula = cell.getFormula();
XText xText = (XText) UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XText.class,
cell);
String text = xText.getString();
System.out.println("\t" + row + "," + col + "," + formula + ","
+ text);
cell.setValue(219);
cell.setFormula("=sum(A1,A2)");

}
}
}

protected XComponent loadComponent(String filePath)
throws java.lang.Exception {
String loadUrl = "file:///" + filePath;

xRemoteServiceManager = this.getRemoteServiceManager();
Object desktop = xRemoteServiceManager.createInstanceWithContext(
"com.sun.star.frame.Desktop", xRemoteContext);

XComponentLoader xComponentLoader = (XComponentLoader) UnoRuntime
.queryInterface(XComponentLoader.class, desktop);
PropertyValue[] loadProps = new PropertyValue[3];

loadProps[0] = new PropertyValue();
loadProps[0].Name = "ReadOnly";
loadProps[0].Value = new Boolean(true);

loadProps[1] = new PropertyValue();
loadProps[1].Name = "DocumentTitle";
loadProps[1].Value = "PMGUI Report";

//Default all macros will be Run...
loadProps[2] = new PropertyValue();
loadProps[2].Name = "MacroExecutionMode";
loadProps[2].Value = 4;

//loadProps[2] = new PropertyValue();
//loadProps[2].Name = "Hidden";
//loadProps[2].Value = new Boolean(true);

//loadProps[1] = new PropertyValue();
//loadProps[1].Name = "FilterName";
//loadProps[1].Value = "writer_pdf_Export";

return xComponentLoader.loadComponentFromURL(loadUrl, "_blank", 0,loadProps);
}

protected XMultiComponentFactory getRemoteServiceManager()
throws java.lang.Exception {
if (xRemoteContext == null && xRemoteServiceManager == null) {
try {
// First step: get the remote office component context
xRemoteContext = com.sun.star.comp.helper.Bootstrap.bootstrap();
System.out.println("Connected to a running office ...");
xRemoteServiceManager = xRemoteContext.getServiceManager();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
return xRemoteServiceManager;
}

}

JDBC connectivity to informix

To Run A JDBC program , following steps should be followed
1. Install the appropriate JDBC libraries according to ur Operating System/System configuration
2. Need to finalize the URL to connect to the Database
3. need to include the Directory of the JDBC library to the "CLASSPATH" environment varaiable.
4. Run the Program.

We can get appropriate JDBC driver from different Vendors.. following link will give the Details about the which Driver to Choose and all
http://developers.sun.com/product/jdbc/drivers
Download the appropriate Driver and install.

The main thing in running a JDBC program is deciding the Conncetion URL.

The URL string looks like this:
"jdbc:informix-sqli://hostname:port_num/database_name:informixserver=server;user=user;password=pwd"

where jdbc is the main protocol and informix-sqli is the sub protocol
and all other fields are self explanatory

example link :
jdbc:informix-sqli://scsibox:1526/my_data:informixserver=ol_scsibox;user=informix;password=Informix

use the Driver name as "com.informix.jdbc.IfxDriver"

so remaining all we can find from SUN help... i.e.. different classess and all..


one sample program:

import java.sql.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import sqlj.runtime.ref.DefaultContext;

public class ConnectionManager
{
String DRIVER = null ; //JDBC Driver class
String DBURL = null ; //Database URL
String PWD = null, UID = null ; //Password for database account
DefaultContext ctx;
Statement stmt;
public Connection conn;
public Driver d;
String Query = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
int rc = -1;

//This block has to be changed and ConnectionManager.java recompiled

//Assign Default values for Driver loading...
public ConnectionManager(){
DRIVER = "com.informix.jdbc.IfxDriver";
DBURL = "jdbc:informix-sqli://10.128.96.66:5030/omcdb:informixserver=omc_sys1;"+
"username=informix;password=informix";
UID = "informix";
PWD = "informix";

//Establish connection
newConnection();
}

public ConnectionManager(String sDriver, String sDBUrl,String sUID,String sPWD){
DRIVER = sDriver;
DBURL = sDBUrl;
UID = sUID;
PWD = sPWD;

//Establish connection
newConnection();
}

public void newConnection()
{
try
{
d = (Driver)(Class.forName( DRIVER ).newInstance());
DriverManager.registerDriver(d);
System.out.println("Informix Driver Successfully Created....");
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.err.println( "Could not load driver: " + DRIVER ) ;
System.err.println(e) ;
System.exit(1) ;
}

try
{
conn = DriverManager.getConnection (DBURL, UID, PWD);
//conn.setAutoCommit(false); // Turn AutoCommit off
System.out.println("Created Connection successfully to the Database");
}
catch (SQLException exception)
{
System.out.println("Error: could not get a connection");
System.err.println(exception) ;
exception.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}


public void setSQLQuery(String query){
Query = query;
}

//This Method is only to execute statments which dont return Result set...
public int executeQuery(){
rc = -1;
try{
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rc = stmt.executeUpdate(Query);
System.out.println("Transaction successful .. Updated Rows : " + rc);
}catch(SQLException e){
System.out.println("FAILED: execution failed - statement: " + Query);
System.out.println("ERROR: " + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}

try{
stmt.close();
}catch(SQLException e){
}

return rc;
}

//This shoulb be used with select like queries... which result Resultset...
public ResultSet fetchResultset(){
rs = null;
try{
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery(Query);
System.out.println("Fetched Result Set Successfully");
}catch(SQLException e){
System.out.println("FAILED: execution failed - statement: " + Query);
System.out.println("ERROR: " + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}

try{
stmt.close();
}catch(SQLException e){
}

return rs;
}

public void closeResultset(){
try{
rs.close();
rs = null;
}catch(SQLException e){
}

}

public DefaultContext initContext(){
ctx = DefaultContext.getDefaultContext();

if (ctx == null) {
try {
newConnection();
ctx = new DefaultContext(conn);
}
catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("Error: could not get a default context");
System.err.println(e) ;
System.exit(1);
}
DefaultContext.setDefaultContext(ctx);
}
return ctx;
}
}

executing command in Java

    try {
       // Execute a command without arguments
       String command = "ls";
       Process child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
  
       // Execute a command with an argument
       command = "ls /tmp";
       child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
   } catch (IOException e) {
   }

If an argument contain spaces, it is necessary to use the overload that requires the command and its arguments to be supplied in an array:

    try {
       // Execute a command with an argument that contains a space
       String[] commands = new String[]{"grep", "hello world", "/tmp/f.txt"};
       commands = new String[]{"grep", "hello world", "c:\\Documents and Settings\\f.txt"};
       Process child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(commands);
   } catch (IOException e) {
   }

Mozilla investigates critical Firefox 3.0 bug

June 19, 2008 (Computerworld) Mozilla Corp. today downplayed a threat posed by the first vulnerability reported for Firefox 3.0, telling users that the risk is "minimal."

"There is no public exploit, the details are private, and so the risk to users is minimal," Window Snyder, Mozilla's chief security officer, said in an entry to a company blog.

According to the security company that reported the vulnerability to Mozilla, the bug is present in the Windows, Mac OS X and Linux versions of Firefox. Later Thursday, Snyder confirmed that the Windows and Mac versions of Firefox contained the vulnerability, but said her team had not yet verified that the Linux version also had the flaw.

Snyder was responding to news yesterday that 3Com Corp.'s TippingPoint, a security vendor that runs the Zero Day Initiative bug bounty program, had purchased a critical Firefox 3.0 vulnerability from an unnamed researcher and then forwarded information on the bug to Mozilla.

As per its policy, TippingPoint said it would not release details of the bug until Mozilla has crafted a patch. Yesterday, however, it noted that the vulnerability would let hackers execute remote code -- making the bug a critical flaw -- and that it would require some action by the potential victim, such as clicking on a link in an e-mail message or visiting a malicious or compromised site.

Today, Terri Forslof, TippingPoint's manager of security response, expanded somewhat on the vulnerability's range. "It's not operating system specific," she said. "It's browser specific, only on Firefox, but on Windows, Mac and Linux."

Snyder confirmed that she had received word from TippingPoint -- Forslof said she e-mailed Snyder directly with a heads-up -- and that the Mozilla team was looking into the problem. "To protect our users, the details of the issue will remain closed until a patch is made available," she said.

The fix will come in the next security updates for Firefox 2.0 and Firefox 3.0, Snyder said. She declined to be specific about a timetable.

Yesterday, TippingPoint sounded confident that Mozilla would quickly fix the flaw. "Working with Mozilla on past security issues, we've found them to have a good track record and expect a reasonable turnaround on this issue as well," TippingPoint noted in a blog posting of its own.

Mozilla didn't provide additional information or offer recommendations for users, but Forslof was willing to do so. "This is in the same line as lots of other browser vulnerabilities," she said, "so the advice is in the same line, too. Don't click on links in e-mail, make sure the operating system is up to date, and don't visit unsafe sites."

Forslof added that the researcher, who has chosen to remain anonymous, is someone TippingPoint has worked with before. "He's a regular contributor to our program," she said.

She wouldn't disclose more than that, but did say it wasn't unusual for researchers to suddenly reveal a vulnerability that they'd discovered some time before. "I can think of several examples," Forslof said. "It's highly likely that he [found the bug] in their last version [of Firefox] and was just waiting for them to release 3.0 to see if they'd fixed it there."

According to both TippingPoint and Mozilla, the vulnerability is in the older Firefox 2.0 series as well as the brand-new Firefox 3.0, which launched Tuesday.

New VIA VX800 Series Chipsets to Extend VIA Leadership in Ultra Mobile Market

Taipei, Taiwan, 1 April 2008 - VIA Technologies, Inc, a leading innovator of power efficient x86 processor platforms, today announced the new VIA VX800 Series of digital media IGP chipsets featuring the latest video, graphics and connectivity performance in a single chip measuring just 33 x 33mm.

The VIA VX800 Series comprises two primary digital media IGP chipsets, the VIA VX800 for ultra thin and light notebooks, mini PCs and embedded devices, and the ultra low voltage VIA VX800U for the fast-expanding ultra mobile market, including the rapidly-emerging mini-note, UMPC and UMD markets.

Strategic to the continued success of the VIA Ultra Mobile Platform based on the VIA C7®-M ULV processor, the VIA VX800U looks set to further boost VIA's leadership in ultra mobile platforms, packing a host of features into an even more power efficient package with a maximum power draw of only 3.5 watts.

Bringing high quality graphics, video and memory performance to ultra compact x86 systems, the VIA VX800U series delivers full Microsoft® DirectX® 9 3D graphics, high definition video and audio playback, and support for up to 4GB of DDR2 system memory.

Fully Microsoft Windows Vista™ compliant, the VIA VX800 Series supports both current VIA C7, VIA C7-M and VIA Eden processors and also upcoming processors based on the VIA Isaiah Architecture, ensuring vendors can offer a wider range of performance and price points utilizing the same platform infrastructure.

"The explosive growth of the Mini-Note category and the emerging Ultra Mobile Device category has clearly demonstrated the increased importance on low power, high performance, and small footprint," and said Richard Brown, Vice President of Corporate Marketing, VIA Technologies, Inc. "The VIA VX800 Series goes a long way towards maintaining VIA's leadership in the ultra mobile and other key market segments, and allows our customers to bring products with enhanced features and performance to market faster."

od - dump files in octal and other formats

NAME

od - dump files in octal and other formats

SYNOPSIS

od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
od --traditional [FILE] [[+]OFFSET [[+]LABEL]]

DESCRIPTION

Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument, concatenate them in the listed order to form the input. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.

-A, --address-radix=RADIX

decide how file offsets are printed

-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES

skip BYTES input bytes first

-N, --read-bytes=BYTES

limit dump to BYTES input bytes

-s, --strings[=BYTES]

output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars

-t, --format=TYPE

select output format or formats

-v, --output-duplicates

do not use * to mark line suppression

-w, --width[=BYTES]

output BYTES bytes per output line

--traditional

accept arguments in traditional form

--help

display this help and exit

--version

output version information and exit

Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:

-a

same as -t a, select named characters

-b

same as -t oC, select octal bytes

-c

same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes

-d

same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal shorts

-f

same as -t fF, select floats

-h

same as -t x2, select hexadecimal shorts

-i

same as -t d2, select decimal shorts

-l

same as -t d4, select decimal longs

-o

same as -t o2, select octal shorts

-x

same as -t x2, select hexadecimal shorts

For older syntax (second call format), OFFSET means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing. For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal, suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.

TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:

a

named character

c

ASCII character or backslash escape

d[SIZE]

signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

f[SIZE]

floating point, SIZE bytes per integer

o[SIZE]

octal, SIZE bytes per integer

u[SIZE]

unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

x[SIZE]

hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer

SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).

RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none. BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, it is multiplied by 512 with b suffix, by 1024 with k and by 1048576 with m. Adding a z suffix to any type adds a display of printable characters to the end of each line of output. --string without a number implies 3. --width without a number implies 32. By default, od uses -A o -t d2 -w 16.

GSM network architecture

PCU in GSM netwprk..

The Packet Control Unit (PCU) is an adaptor / handler unit that enables GPRS and EDGE functionality within the Motorola Radio Access Network (RAN). It connects the Base Station Controller (BSC) from the GSM network with the packet core. The Motorola PCU is based on Compact PCI industry standards and is highly scaleable. Motorola is also market leading in that its PCU is GPRS coding schemes 1-4 capable without any upgrade required to the BSC.

The AMD 790FX Chipset Explored

As you may know, AMD has just launched their brand new PC platform solution, codenamed 'Spider'. Spider is really an ecosystem consisting of the AMD Phenom processor, AMD 790FX chipset and the ATI Radeon HD 3800 series graphics. AMD is banking on these new components to revitalize its position in the consumer PC market. However, it is quite unfortunate that the one component with the biggest hype and the most promise - the AMD Phenom processor - is the only product we're missing to complete AMD's trifecta. While we aren't really one to speculate, AMD's inability to provide seeding units is troubling indeed. So while we have graphics cards and motherboards stacking up, we're left twiddling our thumbs without so much as a whiff of a CPU to test on.




Still, moving on, let's just have a look at what the new AMD 790FX chipset has to offer. The main features of the 790FX chipset is really to upgrade the backbone support of AMD's platform in order to fully take advantage of the AMD Phenom processor and ATI Radeon HD 3800 series GPUs. These features come in the form of HyperTransport 3.0, split power planes and PCI Express 2.0. The AMD 790FX also officially supports DDR2-1066, but since the memory controller is embedded in the processor, this is more of a CPU upgrade than chipset.



With HyperTransport 3.0, the 790FX will effectively double the bandwidth available between the Northbridge and CPU from 1GHz of the previous generation chipsets running with HyperTranport 2.0 to 2GHz today. Split power planes is also a new feature supported by AMD Phenom (and above) processors where the there will be two power planes feeding the CPU, one for the CPU cores and another for the memory controller. This is a highly anticipated feature since AMD features a built-in memory controller. With separate power planes, users can better tweak their systems. This should theoretically help power consumption and efficiency as well. Because of the upgrade to HyperTransport 3.0 and split power planes, the 790FX chipset will support what AMD calls Socket AM2+.


Basically, Socket AM2+ is fully pin-compatible with Socket AM2 and vice versa, so you can technically run a Phenom on any current Socket AM2 motherboard or run a current Athlon 64 X2 on the 790FX. However, running a Phenom on an AM2 will mean running in compatibility mode, without the benefits of HyperTransport 3.0 or split power planes (which consequently affects the memory controller's performance potential). Similarly, an older Athlon 64 X2 processor will not benefit from Socket AM2+ as it does not support the new features.





As expected, AMD has also moved towards PCI Express 2.0 and the 790FX chipset features a total of 42 PCIe 2.0 lanes. 32 lanes are dedicated for graphics with two full speed PCIe x16, each of which can split again evenly into four PCIe x8. This will facilitate the new CrossFireX design, which can support 2, 3 or 4-way CrossFire setups. For the remaining ten lanes, six are dedicated PCIe x1 lanes for peripheral connection while the last four seem to be reserved to form the interconnect between the North and Southbridge. In this light, AMD's solution trumps Intel's 3-series chipset because AMD is boasting PCIe 2.0 for almost the entire system, top to bottom, whereas Intel only offers PCIe 2.0 on their high-end X38 chipset, limited again to supplying the GPU lanes and nothing else.

However, there is a weak link in the AMD 790FX chipset, and that happens to be the Southbridge. It would seem that AMD has not been able to roll out their next generation SB700 Southbridge yet, which means that the current batches of 790FX motherboards will still be paired with the older SB600 Southbridge, which doesn't support PCIe 2.0. Compared to chipsets today, the SB600 is also slightly lacking in features with only four SATA 3.0Gbps ports and no built-in Ethernet MAC.

Lastly, the AMD 790FX is supposed to feature great power efficiency. Built on a new 65nm process technology, AMD claims that the 790FX runs with a nominal 8W and a maximum power draw of 10-12W at full load. Because of this, the chipset can even be passively cooled with a simple heatsink. Though from what we've seen, motherboard manufacturers are still sticking to their heat-pipe designs for enthusiast boards.

So in a nutshell, the AMD 790FX and Socket AM2+ isn't all that different from previous generation AM2 motherboards. It serves as an interim before AMD can roll out AM3. Current AM2 users have no real reason to upgrade to the new chipset unless you are investing in the complete Spider platform - motherboard, CPU and GPU. It is only then, will the Spider platform perform at its peak. However, having seen the workstation platform equivalent from AMD with their Barcelona processors, so far there doesn't seem to be much in the way of expectations in either performance or power savings with all the new features on the processor end. So as we've pointed out, this is just a platform renewal for AMD, but don't expect anything exceptional. With that said, we share with you a couple of new motherboards bracing the new AMD 790FX platform on the following pages.


Specifications

The AMD 790FX Chipset is designed for PC enthusiasts,
and performance seeking overclockers*

HyperTransport™ 3.0 technology More than doubles your CPU communications bandwidth to graphics as compared to HT1.
Auto Xpress* The technology for qualified performance boosts that automatically activates with AMD/ATI components to deliver better CPU, GPU, and system performance
* Boosts graphics bandwidth when using AMD processors with HT1
* Reads special Enthusiast DIMM settings for higher memory performance
* Enhanced DDR2 tuning to deliver better system performance. Maximizes performance from new AMD Phenom CPUs

PCI Express® Generation 2.0 Double your graphics bandwidth over earlier PCI Express for improved performance.
GPU-Plex Technology Scalable twin-engine technology, all on a single chip, enables flexible configurations for multiple graphics cards on a single x16 link.
Quad PCIE Blocks* Native PCI-E cores on one chip means fast GPU to GPU communications by eliminating the latency and possible bandwidth issues of multiple PCIE chip designs. Double pumped with Xpress Route for fast Core to Core transfers.
ATI CrossFireX™ Technology The ultimate in scalable graphics performance with a widely certified infrastructure and dedicated memories with improved memory performance.
Backwards compatibility Ensures flexibility to build platforms with AMD Athlon™ today and AMD Phenom™ tomorrow.
AMD OverDrive™ Shift your system performance into next gear. Enables control of the 7-Series Chipsets to allow configuration of system settings in Microsoft Windows.
AMD RAIDXpert Easily configure your RAID setup from remote locations to personalize your media for extra performance or enhanced reliability.
Low Power Design Ensures you have more power available for other components when you need it.

fresher jobs...

Jr. Researcher - RRI Fresher Jobs : KoolKampus.com - http://koolkampus.com/fresher-jobs

[telecom_experts] Walk-Ins on 10-15 June : SQC Technology, Tech ... id-smartphone - http://id-smartphone.blogspot.com/

Cricket-Twenty20 fever hits England's county clubs

By Martyn Herman

LONDON, June 10 (Reuters) - The "sold out" signs are springing up around England's county cricket grounds as the Twenty20 revolution gathers pace.

The country's domestic Twenty20 competition begins its sixth year on Wednesday and the "crash bang wallop" form of the game has never been more popular after the successful launch of the Indian Premier League (IPL) this year.

While traditionalists and some players like England captain Michael Vaughan warn of the damaging effect it could have on test matches, the county club's money men are celebrating.

With places in the newly-announced Champions League at stake in September, when two clubs from England will join clubs from Australia, India and South Africa to battle for a $5 million jackpot, the incentives have never been greater.

Yorkshire, one of the bastions of English cricket, has caught the Twenty20 fever and, according to the club's sales director Richard Kaye, the revenue offered by the short form of the game is mouth watering.

Instead of the usual smattering of fans scattered around Headingley for other competitions, Kaye said the 17,000-capacity stadium would be packed when Yorkshire's Carnegie take on Lancashire Lightning next week. There will even be a hot-tub and dancing girls.

"We are one of the better-supported counties but on most county championship days we will have crowds of less than 1,000," he told Reuters by telephone on Tuesday.

"In terms of corporate hospitality, for the four-day county championship game and one-dayer against Lancashire three weeks ago we had less than 100 bookings over five days, for the Twenty20 match against Lancashire we have over 1,000."

GLOBAL POTENTIAL

He said the IPL had opened everybody's eyes to the global potential of a game that was launched by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) in 2003.

"The IPL has the capability to be transformational in terms of cricket impact globally," he said. "The fact they have bolted on the Champions League is phenomenal. From a player's perspective and a club's perspective, it's really exciting.

"It certainly makes you rethink what are the most important competitions you play in. What we have is a new product that appeals to a new audience. In any other form of business you have different products for different audiences and it's great that cricket has the same approach.

"After tests and one-day internationals this is the next big revenue stream and the impact of the IPL and Champions League means that we will be become even more focussed."

Sussex chief executive Gus Mackay said counties were preparing to cash in on the rapid explosion of Twenty20 in the wake of the IPL.

"We are going to adapt accordingly and maximise all the opportunities we can get," he told Reuters ahead of Sussex Sharks' sell-out fixture against last year's champions Kent Spitfires in Canterbury on Wednesday.

"England are not in Euro 2008 so I think it all points to a bumper time for us counties in the next two weeks."

England's 18 counties have been split into three groups of six with matches bing crammed into the next two weeks. The quarter-finals are on July 5-7 with the finals day, featuring four sides at Hamphsire's Rose Bowl, on July 26. (Editing by John Mehaffey)

Open Patent Alliance Formed to Advance WiMAX 4G Technology

Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Clearwire, Intel, Samsung, Sprint Ally to Form WiMAX Industry Patent Pool

SANTA CLARA, Calif., June 9, 2008 – To accelerate the widespread adoption and deployment of WiMAX technology and products, Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Clearwire, Intel Corporation, Samsung Electronics and Sprint today announced the formation of the Open Patent Alliance (OPA). The OPA will advance a competitive and open intellectual property rights model, thus stimulating a larger WiMAX industry that supports innovation through broader choice and lower equipment and service costs for WiMAX technology, devices and applications globally.

WiMAX is a 4G, IP-based broadband wireless technology that provides low-cost, multi-megabit speed and greater throughput for the mobile Internet era of video-rich content and bandwidth-intensive applications. It is based on the IEEE 802.16e standard.

To accomplish its goals, the OPA will form a WiMAX patent pool to help participating companies obtain access to patent licenses from patent owners at a predictable cost.

The patent pool will aggregate essential patent rights needed to implement the WiMAX standard as defined by the WiMAX Forum and the IEEE 802.16e standard. To help ensure product differentiation and interoperability at a more predictable cost, this approach will focus on providing a more competitive royalty structure by charging only for the features required to develop WiMAX products. The patent pool will incorporate a variety of royalty licensing solutions, including accounting for cross-licensing among individual members within the pool.

In addition to the formation of a WiMAX patent pool, the OPA will educate the WiMAX ecosystem about, and serve as a central resource for WiMAX intellectual property rights topics.

The OPA will issue a call for WiMAX essential patents for inclusion in its patent pool. An independent third-party reviewer will serve as the "patent referee" and will evaluate submitted patents to determine how essential they are to the WiMAX standard and WiMAX Forum profiles. While the OPA initially will focus its efforts on the WiMAX standard, it may work with other industry groups in the future.

Made up of six founding companies at its inception, the OPA expects to secure participation of an additional six to nine investor companies to encompass the WiMAX value-chain and broad geographic representation. Each investor company will have a seat on the OPA board of directors. The OPA will have dedicated staff that is directed by and accountable to the OPA board, and the alliance will serve as the licensing agent for the WiMAX patent pool, representing the licensors who agree to participate in the pool.

OPA Founded With Broad, Cross-Industry Support
"As an early and consistent supporter of the WiMAX 802.16e ecosystem, Alcatel-Lucent believes that end-user experiences will drive the broadband wireless revolution," said Philippe Keryer, president of Alcatel-Lucent's mobile access business. "We are confident that the formation of the Open Patent Alliance, which is fully in line with Alcatel-Lucent's Open CPE Program, will ensure that a broad and diverse set of devices will be available to the consumer, enabling service providers to deliver an unparalleled selection of applications and optimized device form-factors that can unleash the huge potential of broadband wireless anywhere, anytime, that WiMAX enables."

"Cisco supports the Open Patent Alliance and its charter to stimulate further adoption of WiMAX broadband wireless technologies and enhance the mobile experience around the world," said Brett Galloway, senior vice president of Cisco wireless and security. "By driving the adoption of WiMAX, innovative technologies will help enable people to move freely throughout the world while maintaining continuous connectivity to cool new applications and services."

"Clearwire fully supports the OPA as a vehicle that will ensure the rapid development of an open, worldwide WiMAX ecosystem," said Scott Richardson, chief strategy officer of Clearwire. "We are committed to innovation in all aspects of WiMAX technology, from the network infrastructure to end-user devices. Just as mobile phones now connect to people rather than places, Clearwire is giving our customers the ability to access the Internet, at true broadband speeds, when they are on the go."

"Intel's vision in driving the formation of the Open Patent Alliance is to bring the openness of the Internet and computing industries to the wireless industry and WiMAX" said Sriram Viswanathan, vice president, Intel Capital and general manager, Intel WiMAX program office. "By facilitating an open intellectual property rights model, we expect the alliance to in turn create a more competitive, innovative and broader WiMAX industry that ultimately benefits the consumer with more choice for WiMAX technology and services."

"Samsung Electronics is very proud to join the OPA with industry-leaders in WiMAX technology," said Hwan Chung, senior vice president of Samsung Telecommunications America. "We believe that this initiation can be a significant momentum to expand mobile WiMAX services. Thanks to a flexible and easily adoptable scheme for participants, we can accelerate the mobile WiMAX deployment and marketing so that people can enjoy the benefits of fast, revolutionarily new, and more cost-effective data communications."

"We expect to unleash wireless innovation with this patent alliance," said Barry West, president of Sprint's XOHM business unit. "The open licensing program will help prompt pervasive WiMAX technology. This speeds the day when consumers can enjoy the convenience of WiMAX mobile broadband services on new devices in new places, and experience all the open Internet has to offer."

For information regarding the submission of patents for testing, visit the OPA Web site at www.openpatentalliance.com. Information about and a replay of the OPA web cast held earlier today can be found at http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2008/prod_060908.html.

About Alcatel-Lucent
Alcatel-Lucent (Euronext Paris and NYSE: ALU) provides solutions that enable service providers, enterprise and governments worldwide, to deliver voice, data and video communication services to end-users. As a leader in fixed, mobile and converged broadband networking, IP technologies, applications and services, Alcatel-Lucent offers the end-to-end solutions that enable compelling communications services for people at home, at work and on the move. With operations in more than 130 countries, Alcatel-Lucent is a local partner with global reach. The company has the most experienced global services team in the industry, and one of the largest research, technology and innovation organizations in the telecommunications industry. Alcatel-Lucent achieved revenues of Euro 17.8 billion in 2007 and is incorporated in France, with executive offices located in Paris. For more information, visit Alcatel-Lucent on the Internet: www.alcatel-lucent.com.

About Cisco
Cisco, (NASDAQ: CSCO), is the worldwide leader in networking that transforms how people connect, communicate and collaborate. Information about Cisco can be found at www.cisco.com. For ongoing news, please go to newsroom.cisco.com.

About Clearwire
Clearwire, founded in October 2003 by wireless pioneer Craig O. McCaw, is a provider of simple, fast, portable and reliable wireless high-speed Internet service. Clearwire customers connect to the Internet using licensed spectrum, thus eliminating the confines of traditional cable or phone lines. Headquartered in Kirkland, Wash., the company launched its first market in August 2004 and now offers service in 50 markets across the U.S. as well as in Europe. For more information, visit www.clearwire.com.

About Intel
Intel (NASDAQ: INTC), the world leader in silicon innovation, develops technologies, products and initiatives to continually advance how people work and live. Additional information about Intel is available at www.intel.com/pressroom and blogs.intel.com.

About Samsung Electronics
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. is a global leader in semiconductor, telecommunication, digital media and digital convergence technologies with 2007 consolidated sales of US$103.4 billion. Employing approximately 150,000 people in 134 offices in 62 countries, the company consists of four main business units: Digital Media Business, LCD Business, Semiconductor Business, and Telecommunication Business. Recognized as one of the fastest growing global brands, Samsung Electronics is a leading producer of digital TVs, memory chips, mobile phones and TFT-LCDs. For more information, please visit www.samsung.com.

About Sprint Nextel
Sprint Nextel offers a comprehensive range of wireless and wireline communications services bringing the freedom of mobility to consumers, businesses and government users. Sprint Nextel is widely recognized for developing, engineering and deploying innovative technologies, including two wireless networks serving nearly 53 million customers at the end of the first quarter 2008; industry-leading mobile data services; instant national and international push-to-talk capabilities; and a global Tier 1 Internet backbone. For more information, visit www.sprint.com.

MRAM(Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory)

Unlike conventional RAM chip technologies, in MRAM data is not stored as electric charge or current flows, but by magnetic storage elements.

The elements are formed from two ferromagnetic plates, each of which can hold a magnetic field, separated by a thin insulating layer. One of the two plates is a permanent magnet set to a particular polarity, the other's field will change to match that of an external field. A memory device is built from a grid of such "cells".

Reading is accomplished by measuring the electrical resistance of the cell.A particular cell is (typically) selected by powering an associated transistor which switches current from a supply line through the cell to ground. Due to the magnetic tunnel effect, the electrical resistance of the cell changes due to the orientation of the fields in the two plates. By measuring the resulting current, the resistance inside any particular cell can be determined, and from this the polarity of the writable plate. Typically if the two plates have the same polarity this is considered to mean "0", while if the two plates are of opposite polarity the resistance will be higher and this means "1".

Data is written to the cells using a variety of means. In the simplest, each cell lies between a pair of write lines arranged at right angles to each other, above and below the cell. When current is passed through them, an induced magnetic field is created at the junction, which the writable plate picks up. This pattern of operation is similar to core memory, a system commonly used in the 1960s. This approach requires a fairly substantial current to generate the field, however, which makes it less interesting for low-power uses, one of MRAM's primary disadvantages. Additionally, as the device is scaled down in size, there comes a time when the induced field overlaps adjacent cells over a small area, leading to potential false writes. This problem, the half-select (or write disturb) problem, appears to set a fairly large size for this type of cell. One experimental solution to this problem was to use circular domains written and read using the giant magnetoresistive effect, but it appears this line of research is no longer active.

Another approach, the toggle mode, uses a multi-step write with a modified multi-layer cell. The cell is modified to contain an "artificial antiferromagnet" where the magnetic orientation alternates back and forth across the surface, with both the pinned and free layers consisting of multi-layer stacks isolated by a thin "coupling layer". The resulting layers have only two stable states, which can be toggled from one to the other by timing the write current in the two lines so one is slightly delayed, thereby "rotating" the field. Any voltage less than the full write level actually increases its resistance to flipping. That means that other cells located along one of the write lines will not suffer from the half-select problem, allowing for smaller cell sizes.

A newer technique, spin-torque-transfer (STT) or Spin Transfer Switching, uses spin-aligned ("polarized") electrons to directly torque the domains. Specifically, if the electrons flowing into a layer have to change their spin, this will develop a torque that will be transferred to the nearby layer. This lowers the amount of current needed to write the cells, making it about the same as the read process ^[1]. There are concerns that the "classic" type of MRAM cell will have difficulty at high densities due to the amount of current needed during writes, a problem STT avoids. For this reason, the STT proponents expect the technique to be used for devices of 65 nm and smaller.^{[citation needed]} The downside is that, at present, STT needs to switch more current through the control transistor than conventional MRAM, requiring a larger transistor, and the need to maintain the spin coherence. Overall, however, the STT requires much less write current than conventional or toggle MRAM.

Comparison with other systems

Density

The main determinant of a memory system's cost is the density of the components used to make it up.DRAM uses small capacitors as a memory element, wires to carry current to and from it, and a transistor to control it – referred to as a "1T1C" cell. Capacitors basically consist of two small metal plates separated by a thin insulator, a single element that can be built as small as the current fabrication technology allows. This makes DRAM the highest density RAM currently available, and thus the least expensive, which is why it is used for the majority of RAM found in a computer.
MRAM is physically similar to DRAM in makeup, although often does not require a transistor for the write operation. However, as mentioned above, the most basic MRAM cell suffers from the half-select problem, which limits cell sizes to around 180 nm or more. Toggle-mode MRAM offers a much smaller size before this becomes a problem, apparently around 90 nm ^[2], the same size as most current DRAM products. To be worth putting into wide production, however, it is generally believed that MRAM will have to move to the 65 nm size of the most advanced memory devices, which will require the use of STT.

Power consumption

Since the capacitors used in DRAM lose their charge over time, memory assemblies using them must periodically refresh all the cells in their chips approximately 1000 times a second, reading each one and re-writing its contents. This demands a constant power supply, which is why DRAM loses its memory when power is turned off on the computer. As DRAM cells decrease in size, the refresh cycles become shorter, and the power draw more continuous.

In contrast, MRAM requires no refresh at any time. Not only does this mean it retains its memory with the power turned off, but also that there is no constant power draw. While the read process theoretically requires more power than the same process in a DRAM, in practice the difference appears to be very close to zero. However, the write process requires more power in order to overcome the existing field stored in the junction, varying from three to eight times the power required during reading . Although the exact amount of power savings depends on the nature of the work – more frequent writing will require more power – in general MRAM proponents expect much lower power consumption (up to 99% less) compared to DRAM. STT-based MRAMs eliminate the difference between reading and writing, further reducing power requirements

Speed

DRAM speed is limited by the speed at which the charge stored in the cells can be drained (for reading) or stored (for writing). MRAM operation is based on measuring voltages rather than charges or currents, so there is less "settling time" needed.
IBM researchers have demonstrated MRAM devices with access times on the order of 2 ns, somewhat better than even the most advanced DRAMs built on much newer processes

The only current memory technology that easily competes with MRAM in terms of speed is Static RAM, or SRAM. SRAM consists of a series of transistors arranged in a flip-flop, which will hold one of two states as long as power is applied. Since the transistors have a very low power requirement, their switching time is very low. However, since an SRAM cell consists of several transistors, typically six or four, its density is much lower than DRAM. This makes it expensive, which is why it is used only for small amounts of high-speed memory, notably the CPU cache in almost all modern CPU designs.

Overall

MRAM has similar speeds to SRAM, similar density of DRAM but much lower power consumption than DRAM, and is much faster and suffers no degradation over time in comparison to Flash memory. It is this combination of features that some suggest make it the "universal memory", able to replace SRAM, DRAM and EEPROM and Flash. This also explains the huge amount of research being carried out into developing it.

In comparison, MRAM is still largely "in development", and being produced on older non-critical fabs. The only commercial product widely available at this point is Freescale Semiconductor's 4 Mbit part, produced on a several-generations-old 180 nm process. As demand for Flash continues to outstrip supply, it appears it will be some time before a company can afford to "give up" one of their latest fabs for MRAM production. Even then, MRAM designs currently do not come close to Flash in terms of cell size, even using the same fab.

The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking

Fundamentals of Effective Speaking

1. Acquiring the Basic Skills

• Take heart from the experience of others
• Keep your goal before you
• Predetermine your mind to success
• Seize every opportunity to practice

2. Developing Confidence

• Get the facts about fear of speaking in public
• Prepare in the proper way
• Predetermine your mind to success
• Act confident

3. Speaking Effectively the Quick and Easy Way

• Speaking about something you have earned the right to talk about through experience or study
• Be sure you are excited about your subject
• Be eager to share your talk with your listeners

Speech, Speaker, and Audience

4. Earning the Right to Talk

• Limit your subject
• Develop reserve power
• Fill your talk with illustrations and examples
• Use concrete, familiar words that create pictures

5. Vitalizing the Talk

• Choose subjects you are earnest about
• Relive the Feelings you have about your topic
• Act in earnest

6. Sharing the Talk with the Audience

• Talk in terms of your listeners' interests
• Give honest, sincere appreciation
• Identify yourself with the audience
• Make your audience a partner in your talk
• Play yourself down

The Purpose of Prepared and Impromptu Talks

7. Making the Short Talk to Get Action

• Give your example, an incident from your life
• State your point, what you want the audience to do
• Give the reason or benefit the audience may expect

8. Making the Talk to Inform

• Restrict your subject to fit the time at your disposal
• Arrange your ideas in sequence
• Enumerate your points as you make them
• Compare the strange with the familiar
• Use visual aids

9. Making the Talk to Convince

• Win confidence by deserving it
• Get a Yes-response
• Speakin with contagious enthusiasm
• Show respect and affection for your audience
• Begin in a friendly way

10. Making Impromptu Talks

• Practice impromptu speaking
• Be mentally ready to speak impromptu
• Get into an example immediately
• Speak with animation and force
• Use the principle of the Here and the Now
• Don't talk impromptu--Give an impromptu talk

The Art of Communicating

11. Delivering the Talk

• Crash through your shell of self-consciousness
• Don't try to imitate others--Be yourself
• Converse with your audience
• Put your heart into your speaking
• Practice making your voice strong and flexible

The Challenge of Effective Speaking

12. Introducing Speakers, Presenting and Accepting Awards

• Thoroughly prepare what you are going to say
• Follow the T-I-S Formula
• Be enthusiastic
• Thoroughly prepare the talk of presentation
• Express your sincere feelings in the talk of acceptance

13. Organizing the Longer Talk

• Get attention immediately
• Avoid getting unfavorable attention
• Support your main ideas
• Appeal for action

14. Applying What You Have Learned

• Use specific detail in everyday conversation
• Use effective speaking techniques in your job
• Seek Opportunities to speak in public
• You must persist
• Keep the certainty of reward before you

How to Win Friends and Influence People

Fundamental Techniques in Handling People

1. Don't criticize, condemn or complain.
2. Give honest and sincere appreciation.
3. Arouse in the other person an eager want.

Six ways to make people like you

1. Become genuinely interested in other people.
2. Smile.
3. Remember that a person's name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.
4. Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.
5. Talk in terms of the other person's interests.
6. Make the other person feel important - and do it sincerely.

Win people to your way of thinking

1. The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.
2. Show respect for the other person's opinions. Never say, "You're wrong."
3. If you are wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.
4. Begin in a friendly way.
5. Get the other person saying "yes, yes" immediately.
6. Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.
7. Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers.
8. Try honestly to see things from the other person's point of view.
9. Be sympathetic with the other person's ideas and desires.
10. Appeal to the nobler motives.
11. Dramatize your ideas.
12. Throw down a challenge.

Be a Leader: How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment

A leader's job often includes changing your people's attitudes and behavior. Some suggestions to accomplish this:

1. Begin with praise and honest appreciation.
2. Call attention to people's mistakes indirectly.
3. Talk about your own mistakes before criticizing the other person.
4. Ask questions instead of giving direct orders.
5. Let the other person save face.
6. Praise the slightest improvement and praise every improvement. Be "hearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise."
7. Give the other person a fine reputation to live up to.
8. Use encouragement. Make the fault seem easy to correct.
9. Make the other person happy about doing the thing you suggest.

New AMD Triple-core Phenom Processors Released

AMD revealed that it will ship the first triple-core processors to make it to the market. In addition to the triple-core processors, AMD also updated the quad-core Phenom lineup, which totals seven different Phenom processors.

The goal of the new triple-core lineup is to create a market for consumers that are not yet ready for quad-core. The VP of Advanced Marketing at AMD stated, "When you've maxed out your two cores...[this is an] extra core to do background tasks.

The AMD Phenom X3 models are the 8400 at 2.1GHz, and the 8600 at 2.3GHz. A 30% increase in performance is expected when the chip is paired with the AMD 780 series chipset. HP is already implementing the Phenom X3 and X4 in business PCs.

New Jobs....

http://symbianguru.blogspot.com/2008/06/symbianguru-latest-jobs-walk-ins-on-5.html

Sapphire Global Services Pvt Ltd. hiring SAP Fresher

Designation : SAP Consultant
Technology : SAP (Any Module)
Experience : 0 to 6 months
Job Type : Permanent Position
Job Location : Bangalore
Job Role : Imparting Training to our employees and corporate clients. Real-Time
Trainers/Consultants will be available for assistance.
Other Skills : Excellent Presentation and Communication Skills
Eligibility : Fresher in SAP. Have been trained in SAP (any module)
Salary : Depending on the potential of the candidate.

Please revert back with your updated profile if interested!!


Additional Information

Experience: 0 - 1 years
Job Category: Software, Hardware, EDP
Job Location: Bangalore
Key Skills: SAP
Job Ref code: SAP Fresher/Trainer

Role: • Fresher • Trainee

After submitting the resume Search for the job ID: 5592679
Apply for this job using below link by submitting your resume

BHEL requires Finance and Engineer Executives

Requirement of Finance Executives and Metallurgical Engineers in BHEL

BHEL, the Country's premier engineering organisation, looking for outstanding experienced executives for the following positions:

• Finance Executives : 28 posts, Qualification : CA/ ICWA
  • Addl. General Manager (E7) : 03 posts, Pay Scale : Rs.20000-800-25700/-
  • Dy. General Manager (E6) : 04 posts, Pay : Rs.19000-760-
    25300/-
  • Sr.Manager (E5) : 07 posts, Pay Scale : Rs.18500-740-
    23900/-
  • Manager (E4) : 14 posts, Pay Scale : Rs.17500-700-
    22300/-
• Metallurgical Engineers : 05 posts, Qualification : Engineering
  Graduate in Metallurgical discipline with 60% aggregate marks.
  • Manger (E4), Pay : Rs.17500-700-22300/-
  • Dy. Manger (E3), Pay : Rs.16000-640-20800/-
  • Sr. Engineer (E2), Pay : Rs.13750-550-18300/-

How to Apply: Application form in the prescribed format with a crossed Demand Draft for Rs.250/- for Gen and OBC candidates in favour of “Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, New Delhi” payable at Delhi should accompany the application, Write your name and post applied for on the reverse of Demand Draft and send the same
to Addl. General Manager (HR), Recruitment Group, BHEL, Corporate Office, Siri Fort, New Delhi – 110 049 on or before 23/06/2008.

Further details and application format available at

http://www.bhel.com/pdf/Advertisement_f2_030608.pdf

More about patch KB932823

Microsoft released a new bug fix, KB932823, on May 28th which seemed suspicious for a number of reasons.

For one thing, the patch was released at the end of the month instead of Patch Tuesday. It turns out, according to a company spokesperson, that Microsoft releases patches twice a month, not just once a month. "While we release security updates on the 2nd Tuesday of the month, non-security updates are usually released either the 2nd or 4th Tuesday of the month." Who knew?

Since KB932823 is not a security related patch (terminology: "updates" means "patch" which in turn means "bug fix"), it doesn't show up in the list of latest security patches. The Microsoft spokesperson was unable to find a web page that explains or documents the fourth Tuesday bug fix schedule.

Still, this particular bug doesn't strike me as high priority As I wrote previously, there are two workarounds, and according to Microsoft, the problem only "occurs if the Japanese Input Method Editor (IME) is the default keyboard layout."

The Microsoft spokesperson added that the problem only occurs on multi-core machines. So why was my English-only copy of XP running on a single-core processor offered this patch? Doesn't inspire confidence.

In addition, the problem also occurs on Windows Server 2003 where it is considered a "hotfix" rather than a critical bug. A hotfix is a bug fix that not only doesn't get installed automatically, you can't even download it. Instead, you have to call Microsoft and convince them you need it. For Windows Server 2003, Microsoft says:

Apply it only to systems that are experiencing this specific problem ... if you are not severely affected by this problem, we recommend that you wait for the next service pack that contains this hotfix.

In other words, the patch status on Windows Server 2003 is totally opposite from that in Windows XP. Strange.

check the IE blog and the IE home page at Technet. Neither said a thing about this bug fix.

Another Microsoft spokesperson noted that this patch also applies to the Media Center Edition of XP. They said, "Media center is just a variant of Windows XP so all fixes that apply to Windows XP Pro apply to Media Center Editions. Windows Update handles this automatically by delivering the correct version of the fix."

In addition, they pointed out that KB932823 applies to both 32 and 64 bit versions of Windows XP. Quoting: "The x64 version of Windows XP uses the Server 2003 version of the fix - this is true for all x64 XP fixes. Windows Update handles this automatically by delivering the correct version of the fix. (However, only WinXP x86 fix is available from the Microsoft Download Center. Customers who want the fixes for ... Windows XP x64 need to contact Microsoft to get the fix.) "

If you have Windows/Microsoft Update set to operate automatically, then you can't pick/chose the patches to install. Next time, some thoughts on dealing with Windows/Microsoft Update.

Desktop Linux Face-Off: Ubuntu 8.04 vs. Fedora 9

Over the past decade, Linux has emerged from a herd of obscure and nerdy operating systems to warrant a place in even the most technologically unsophisticated business environments. And in the past three years, a few distributions have made stupendous leaps in performance and usability, winning the affection of millions of mainstream desktop users.

The recent releases of Ubuntu 8.04 and Fedora 9--two top Linux distributions--mark another step forward in the evolution of the Linux desktop. I've been running both of them to see which offers the better blend of usability and advanced features.

Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron

Since the release of version 5.10 (aka Breezy Badger) in 2005, Ubuntu Linux has stood apart from hundreds of other Linux distributions, capturing the attention of penguin heads and of users seeking a free, stable, usable alternative to Microsoft Windows. With its click-and-go Live CD installation and its support for a broad base of hardware devices, Ubuntu built a reputation for ease of use that changed the way many people think about Linux. PC World was so impressed that Ubuntu landed on our list of "The 100 Best Products of 2006," a first for any flavor of Linux.

The latest version of Ubuntu, 8.04 (aka Hardy Heron, or just Hardy for short), builds strongly on the foundation laid by its predecessors. This release is a Long Term Support edition, to be supported until April 2011, and Hardy Heron shows more polish and refinement than any other Linux distribution I've seen.

The operating system comes packed with new features, beginning with a revised kernel (2.6.24), the latest version of Xorg (7.3), and the most recent Gnome desktop interface (2.22.1). On top of these advances, Hardy offers several new default applications, including Brasero for CD/DVD burning, the Transmission BitTorrent client, and Vinagre virtual network computing software for remote desktop viewing. You also get support for enhanced security via SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux)--but in Ubuntu 8.04 it's not installed by default, as it is in Fedora 9.

From the get-go, the Hardy Heron experience is smooth. I installed it on several machines, including an aging laptop with a Via graphics controller that's notorious for making a hash of things in Linux. Each installation found and recognized all of my hardware without requiring a reboot. Even my media card slot, which Windows can never locate a driver for on its own, worked right off the bat. Existing Ubuntu users enjoy even slicker installation: The Hardy Heron upgrade comes through the Update Manager, and one click initiates a totally automated --albeit fairly long--upgrade process that leaves all of the user's data in place.

Ubuntu's automated Hardware Drivers utility seeks out proprietary drivers for devices in your system, simplifying the task of grabbing the latest proprietary nVidia driver, for instance, so that you can enable Desktop Effects. Some hard-core open-source advocates disapprove of Ubuntu's compromise with the closed-source world, but end users who care more about usability than ideology will find this arrangement a boon.

Apart from the new default apps, Ubuntu hasn't changed much in overall look and feel this time around. Sure, there's artsy heron-themed wallpaper, but longtime Ubuntu desktop users will find little else to poke at in this version. That development indicates that Ubuntu has matured to the point where it can focus on refining its feature set rather than massively reworking its elements in each new version.

The changes in the default apps seem judicious rather than sweeping. Brasero, for instance, is a far more complete disc-burning utility than Serpentine, the relatively simple CD burner found in previous versions of Ubuntu.

Hardy Heron still lacks a few features that I had hoped to see as defaults by now, such as a Desktop Effects Manager for Gnome. Downloading Compiz Configuration Settings Manager through apt-get (the command-line tool for handling packages) isn't hard, but it should really be there in the first place. Without it, newbies have no idea how to turn on the desktop cube they've heard so much about. Also still absent is a decent theme manager to take advantage of Desktop Effects.

Minor quibbles aside, Ubuntu 8.04 is the best-assembled and most polished Linux distribution I've ever used. Ubuntu 8.04 performs well where Windows XP and Vista screech to a halt, particularly on older hardware. And since it comes with OpenOffice.org, Firefox, Evolution Mail, and a host of other apps right out of the box, it may be the best way to breathe new life into a seemingly moribund PC.

Fedora 9

Fedora was born as an all-open-source alternative to the business-centric Red Hat Linux. As such, it enjoys a solid legacy of Linux development. Unfortunately, as the nonprofit cousin of a major commercial distribution, Fedora doesn't always seem to get the attention it deserves. But last year, Fedora doffed the shadow of rival Ubuntu by releasing of Fedora 8, which offered a simple, graphical installer and the best hardware support we'd seen from the Fedora distribution. Nevertheless, it lagged behind Ubuntu in ease of installation and overall usability--largely because its commitment to Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) left it without complete drivers for some major hardware, including nVidia and ATI cards and various wireless cards. Any astute Linux user could add these, certainly, but the process was too geeky for average Joes who just wanted to give Linux a try.

With version 9, Fedora has stepped up its ease-of-use game. Gnome 2.22 brings a host of great new features, including support for Webcam videos. A prerelease version of Xorg 7.4, however, causes problems with nVidia cards, preventing Desktop Effects--which is now standard in Fedora 9--from working. At posting time, this problem remained unresolved, though contributors to the Fedora Forums suggested that it would soon be corrected. Fedora 9 also has a newer kernel (2.6.25) than Ubuntu 8.04.

One of the most important changes in the new Fedora is immediately visible: its Anaconda installer can dynamically resize NTFS hard-drive partitions, making the task of adding Fedora to existing Windows installations much easier. Ubuntu users have long enjoyed a similar feature, so it's nice to see Fedora catch up. Another new feature of the installer is a one-click option for drive encryption. Overall, Fedora's revamped install routine is the distribution's best yet, and it nearly matches Ubuntu's in simplicity and ease of use.

I liked Fedora 9's new PackageKit, a graphical interface for Fedora's Yum update utility, too. PackageKit is the nicest update manager I've tried in Linux, with big, friendly icons for bug fixes and security updates. Also, like Ubuntu 8.04, Fedora 9 now uses PulseAudio to control sound devices throughout the OS.

By default, Fedora includes SELinux, which enforces security policies throughout the OS. Developed by the U.S. National Security Agency, this app does an excellent job of alerting users to potential security threats and managing user authentication. Most users will find that the biggest benefit of SELinux is its management of root user authority: The program alerts you when you've had root privileges activated for more than a few minutes, so you can minimize your exposure from this vulnerability.

For users who are already familiar with Linux, Fedora 9 is an excellent choice. Robust security features and installation options make it somewhat more versatile than Ubuntu, which offers a more streamlined (and therefore more restricted) installation. For most users, though, including millions interested in trying Linux for the first time, Fedora lacks the polish and ready-to-run simplicity of its more popular rival.

Ubuntu 8.0.4 offers a level of functionality comparable to that of Mac OS and Windows, from delivery to installation to daily use. Unfortunately, the ties that bind all Linux distributions--primarily a lack of support for major Windows- and Mac-based business, design, and gaming applications--still hold Ubuntu back from mass popularity. For users with such moderate computing needs as Web browsing, e-mail, and basic document creation, however, Hardy is a compelling option.

Ubuntu 8.04

The best all-around Linux distribution available today.
Free
Ubuntu's Web site

Fedora 9

An excellent choice for experienced Linux users.
Free
Fedora's Web site